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Alta contaminación atmosférica afecta al 83% de habitantes en Taskent – TURKISHNEWSWORLD.COM Un sorprendente 83% de la población de Taskent reside en áreas donde la contaminación del aire excede seis veces los niveles seguros, según un informe reciente publicado por el Banco Mundial en colaboración con el Ministerio de Ecología, Protección Ambiental y Cambio Climático de Uzbekistán. El informe, titulado «Evaluación de la calidad del aire en Tashkent y hoja de ruta para mejorar la gestión de la calidad del aire en Uzbekistán», describe los desafíos críticos de calidad del aire que enfrenta la capital.
El estudio indica que la concentración media anual de partículas PM2,5 en el aire de Taskent alcanza los 38,8 µg/m³, superando significativamente el nivel recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud de 5 µg/m³. Este nivel de contaminación se asocia con aproximadamente 3.000 muertes prematuras cada año, principalmente debido a accidentes cerebrovasculares, cardiopatía isquémica e infecciones de las vías respiratorias inferiores. La carga económica de la contaminación del aire en Taskent se estima en 488,4 millones de dólares al año, lo que representa aproximadamente el 0,7% del PIB de Uzbekistán.
Los datos de monitoreo de tres estaciones automáticas de referencia en Tashkent, dos administradas por el Centro Hidrometeorológico de Uzbekistán y una por la Embajada de Estados Unidos, revelan que los niveles de PM2,5 alcanzan su punto máximo por las tardes (después de las 8 p.m.) y por las mañanas (de 8 a.m. a 10 a.m.). Este patrón puede correlacionarse con las actividades de calefacción residencial y la congestión del tráfico matutino.
Es alarmante que sólo el 39% del área de Tashkent cumpla con el primer objetivo provisional establecido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud para la concentración de PM2,5, sin embargo, en esta área vive sólo el 17% de la población de la ciudad. En consecuencia, la mayoría (83%) de los residentes de Taskent viven en zonas con elevada contaminación del aire, lo que enfrenta importantes riesgos para la salud.
Las principales fuentes de contaminación del aire en Taskent incluyen:
– Calefacción residencial y comercial: Contribuye con el 28% de las emisiones anuales de PM2,5, predominantemente durante los meses de invierno (hasta el 45%). – Transporte: Responsable de alrededor del 12% de las emisiones en invierno y del 25% a finales del verano y principios del otoño. – Industria: Las actividades industriales pesadas y ligeras representan de forma estable entre el 12% y el 13% de las emisiones durante todo el año, alcanzando un máximo del 17% en invierno debido a la mayor presión sobre las centrales térmicas. – Polvo urbano: Como resultado del polvo de la construcción y de las carreteras, esta fuente impacta significativamente los niveles de PM2.5 durante el verano y principios del otoño, y en ocasiones contribuye con más de la mitad de los contaminantes transportados por el aire de la ciudad.
El informe también describe una hoja de ruta integral para mejorar la gestión de la calidad del aire en Uzbekistán, incluidas recomendaciones para actualizar los estándares de calidad del aire, revisar los marcos regulatorios, desarrollar una estrategia nacional de gestión de la calidad del aire y establecer un mecanismo de coordinación.
Además, las políticas gubernamentales propuestas tienen como objetivo mejorar la calidad del aire en varios sectores, incluidos la industria, el transporte y la calefacción, así como medidas para reducir el polvo arrastrado por el viento. Los expertos sugieren que las emisiones del sector de la calefacción podrían reducirse mediante:
– Mejora de la calidad de los combustibles y la eficiencia de los aparatos de calefacción. – Implantación de medidas de eficiencia energética en los edificios. – Transición a fuentes de calefacción más respetuosas con el medio ambiente.
Además, se recomienda apoyo financiero a los hogares para que inviertan en soluciones de calefacción energéticamente eficientes y respetuosas con el medio ambiente.
Esta noticia fue tomada de esta fuente y eescrita por inteligencia artificial..
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