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Preocupación en Hungría y Eslovaquia por propuesta ucraniana de prohibir tránsito de petróleo ruso – TURKISHNEWSWORLD.COM El parlamento ucraniano está considerando un proyecto de ley para detener el tránsito de petróleo y gas rusos a través de su territorio, una medida que podría afectar significativamente a Hungría y Eslovaquia. El opositor Partido Solidaridad Europea, liderado por el ex presidente ucraniano Petro Poroshenko, presentó la propuesta, citando preocupaciones de seguridad nacional y el deseo de limitar los ingresos de Rusia utilizados para financiar la guerra en curso.
Disposiciones clave del proyecto de ley
Registrada como Proyecto de Ley No. 12380, la legislación busca prohibir el tránsito de petróleo y gas ruso a través de la infraestructura de Ucrania, incluido el oleoducto Druzhba (Amistad), que abastece a Hungría y Eslovaquia. Una resolución adjunta insta al gobierno ucraniano a desarrollar un plan de cesación detallado en un plazo de 30 días e implementar la suspensión total del tránsito en un plazo de tres meses. Informes de Liga.net.
El proyecto de ley, sin embargo, permite excepciones a las obligaciones derivadas de acuerdos o decisiones internacionales de la Unión Europea. Además, exige evaluar las consecuencias económicas, sociales y ambientales de tal medida y coordinarse con socios internacionales para mitigar las consecuencias diplomáticas o económicas.
Antecedentes: la dependencia de Hungría y Eslovaquia del petróleo ruso
El ramal sur del oleoducto Druzhba, exento del embargo parcial de la UE sobre el petróleo ruso de 2022, sigue siendo una fuente de energía crucial para Hungría, Eslovaquia y la República Checa. G7 escribe. Mientras que la República Checa planea poner fin a sus importaciones de petróleo ruso para 2025, Hungría y Eslovaquia no han anunciado medidas similares. De hecho, ambas naciones han aumentado sus importaciones de petróleo ruso en los últimos años.
El gobierno de Hungría ha expresado abiertamente su oposición a poner fin a las importaciones de energía rusa, enfatizando los desafíos económicos que tal medida crearía. El Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores húngaro, Péter Szijjártó, respondió a la propuesta ucraniana advirtiendo que la candidatura de Ucrania para acceder a la UE requiere la aprobación unánime de los estados miembros, e instó a Ucrania a no poner en peligro su relación con los países de la UE mediante decisiones unilaterales.
Implicaciones más amplias
El actual acuerdo para el tránsito de petróleo ruso a través de Ucrania, firmado por Ukrtransnafta y la rusa Transneft, sigue siendo válido hasta el 1 de enero de 2030. Sin embargo, el tránsito de gas ruso a través de Ucrania cesó el 1 de enero de 2025, tras la expiración de un contrato independiente entre Gazprom y Naftogaz.
Los analistas de energía sugieren que detener el tránsito de petróleo podría tener graves repercusiones para Ucrania. Si bien la propuesta apunta a debilitar la base económica de Rusia, la propia Ucrania depende de las tarifas de tránsito como una fuente importante de ingresos. “Una medida así podría provocar pérdidas sustanciales a Ucrania”, comentó Balázs Jarábik, analista del Instituto de Ciencias Humanas de Viena.
La transición energética de la UE
La UE planea eliminar por completo las importaciones rusas de petróleo y gas para 2027, dando al grupo húngaro MOL tiempo suficiente para adaptar sus refinerías a fuentes alternativas. Sin embargo, el gobierno de Hungría ha mostrado poca inclinación a acelerar esta transición. A pesar de los ambiciosos objetivos de la propuesta del Partido Europeo de Solidaridad, los expertos creen que es poco probable que se apruebe el proyecto de ley. Algunos especulan que si Ucrania decide detener el tránsito de petróleo, podría ocurrir indirectamente a través de interrupciones técnicas en lugar de una legislación formal.
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