Informe del PNUD: Kazajstán en el puesto 67 del desarrollo humano
ASTANÁ – Kazajstán has comfortably entered the category of «Very High» human development, securing the 67th position out of 193 countries and territories worldwide, according to a recent report by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) published on March 13.
Overview of the HDI
The country reached a Human Development Index (HDI) value of 0.802 in 2022, a significant jump in its HDI value compared to its 1990 value of 0.672, representing a notable increase of 19.3%. The HDI, a comprehensive measure that assesses achievements in health, education, and living standards, reveals Kazakhstan’s steady progress.
Key metrics
From 1990 to 2022, Kazakhstan witnessed notable improvements in key metrics. Life expectancy at birth increased by 4.6 years, expected years of schooling increased by 2.6 years, and mean years of schooling increased by 4.9 years. Additionally, Kazakhstan’s gross national income (GNI) per capita surged by almost 61.7% between 1990 and 2022.
Gender disparities
Despite overall progress, gender disparities persist. The Gender Development Index (GDI) highlights these gaps, measuring gender differences in health, education, and living standards. In 2022, Kazakhstan’s GDI value stood at 0.998, with women slightly behind men, emphasizing the need to continue striving to address gender imbalances.
Inequality and social norms
A more detailed analysis reveals a nuanced landscape of inequality and social norms. The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) takes into account disparities in human development among different segments of society. In Kazakhstan, inequality reduces the HDI by 8.5%, underscoring the imperative of inclusive development policies.
Meanwhile, the Gender Inequality Index (GII) and the Gender Social Norms Index (GSNI) shed light on gender disparities in reproductive health, empowerment, labor market participation, and social beliefs. Kazakhstan’s GDI value of 0.177 positions it favorably, but challenges persist, particularly in addressing social norms affecting gender equality and women’s empowerment.
Multidimensional poverty and planetary pressures
The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) goes beyond income and highlights deprivations in health, education, and living standards. The report states that efforts to combat multidimensional poverty in Kazakhstan remain crucial to ensure comprehensive development for all segments of society.
Finally, the HDI adjusted for planetary pressures (HDI-P) underscores the importance of environmental sustainability in human development. According to the report, as Kazakhstan navigates paths of development, mitigating planetary pressures remains crucial to safeguard intergenerational well-being.
The UNDP report titled Breaking the Stalemate: Reinventing Cooperation in a Polarized World sheds light on the changing landscape of human development in countries around the world. It emphasized global challenges of uneven progress, exacerbated inequalities, and political polarization.
